摘要：对果蝇的研究表明，某些物种非常容易受到广泛的病毒的影响。...

对果蝇的研究表明，某些物种非常容易受到广泛的病毒的影响。

在研究中 - 埃克塞特大学（University of Exeter） - 35种果蝇物种暴露于11种不同类型的不同病毒。

如预期的那样，受某种病毒影响较小的蝇物种对相关病毒的反应也很好。

但是，这些发现也显示出与病毒一般的“易感性正相关”。换句话说，对一种病毒有抵抗力的蝇物种通常对另一种病毒具有抗性 - 包括非常不同类型的病毒。

"Large-scale tests like this help us understand how pathogens shift to new host species, with findings broadly applicable to other animals -- including humans," said Dr Ryan Imrie, now at the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research.

"These flies shared a common ancestor 50 million years ago, giving them equivalent diversity to mammals, and so we are asking questions over the evolutionary distances which host shifts typically occur.

“很多人都在试图预测下一个大流行。

“不可能测试每种病毒，因此我们需要尝试了解有关病毒在新宿主中的行为方式的一般规则。”

Professor Ben Longdon, of the Centre for Ecology and Conservation on Exeter's Penryn Campus in Cornwall, added: "Information about new viruses can partly be inferred from their relatedness to existing viruses.

“但是，少数突变可以改变这种变化 - 给新病毒的特性与近亲截然不同。

“这样的研究可以帮助揭示此背后的基本过程。”

该研究中的敏感性是通过“病毒负荷”测量的 - 病毒已复制了多少，并持续了两天。

Explaining why some fly species might be generally poor at resisting viruses, Dr Longdon said: "Immunity is very costly, so the highly susceptible species in our study may be ones that evolved in an environment with relatively few viruses, or species that viruses are particularly well able to hijack and successfully infect.

“我们发现没有负相关性（对一种病毒的高抗性具有对另一种病毒的耐药性低）。

"This could suggest that, as fruit fly immune systems have evolved in response to infection, they have not resulted in 'trade-offs' where increased resistance to one virus has decreased resistance to others."

该研究由惠康基金会和皇家学会资助。